Which medication is primarily used to relieve symptoms of asthma exacerbations?

The primary medication used to relieve symptoms of asthma exacerbations is short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs). These medications work quickly to relax the muscles around the airways, leading to bronchodilation, which alleviates symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. SABAs are often referred to as "rescue inhalers" because they provide rapid relief from acute asthma symptoms, making them essential during an exacerbation.

In contrast, corticosteroids are effective in reducing inflammation and preventing symptoms over the long term but do not provide immediate relief during an asthma attack. Long-acting beta2 agonists (LABAs) are used for maintenance treatment and are designed to provide longer-lasting control of asthma symptoms but are not suitable for acute relief. Oral leukotriene modifiers also serve a preventive role and do not act quickly enough to address the immediate needs during an exacerbation. Thus, short-acting beta2 agonists stand out as the most appropriate choice for quick symptom relief in asthma exacerbations.