What psychological factors may influence asthma symptoms?

Stress and anxiety are well-documented psychological factors that can significantly influence asthma symptoms. When individuals experience heightened levels of stress or anxiety, their bodies often react with physiological responses such as increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and muscle tension. These factors can exacerbate asthma symptoms by triggering bronchoconstriction, leading to more frequent or severe asthma attacks. Stress may also negatively impact a patient's adherence to their medication regimen or asthma management plan, further worsening their condition.

On the other hand, joy and happiness generally promote relaxation and well-being, which can have a positive effect on asthma management. Courage and resilience may help individuals cope with their condition more effectively but do not directly affect asthma physiology like stress and anxiety do. Indifference might suggest a lack of concern or care for asthma management, which could lead to poor control but does not inherently influence symptoms themselves like stress and anxiety do.