What is the primary use of Theophylline?

Theophylline is primarily used as a methylxanthine bronchodilator, which means its main role is to relax the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in dilation of the airways. This mechanism helps alleviate symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by improving airflow and reducing respiratory distress. Methylxanthines, including theophylline, work by inhibiting the action of phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP levels within the cells, subsequently promoting bronchodilation.

In contrast, antihistamines primarily target allergic reactions, mucolytic agents are aimed at breaking down mucus to facilitate clearance from the respiratory tract, and systemic corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response in asthma management. These other options focus on different mechanisms or therapeutic goals, underscoring the distinct role that theophylline plays as a bronchodilator in asthma treatment.